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Origami
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about paper folding. For the magic trick, see Origami (magic trick). For the Microsoft project formerly known as Origami, see Ultra-Mobile PC.
Origami cranes
Origami (折り紙?, from ori meaning "folding", and kami meaning "paper") is the traditional Japanese folk art of paper folding, which started in the mid-1900s and has evolved into a modern art form. The goal of this art is to transform a flat sheet of material into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting techniques, and as such the use of cuts or glue are not considered to be origami.
The number of basic origami folds is small, but they can be combined in a variety of ways to make intricate designs. The most well known origami model is probably the Japanese paper crane. In general, these designs begin with a square sheet of paper whose sides may be different colors or prints. Contrary to popular belief, traditional Japanese origami, which has been practiced since the Edo era (1603–1867), has often been less strict about these conventions, sometimes cutting the paper or using nonsquare shapes to start with.Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Techniques and materials
2.1 Techniques
2.2 Origami paper
2.3 Tools
3 Types of Origami
3.1 Action origami
3.2 Modular origami
3.3 Wet-folding
3.4 Pureland origami
3.5 Origami Tessellations
4 Mathematics and technical origami
4.1 Mathematics and practical applications
4.2 Technical origami
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
[edit]
History
Main article: History of Origami
Swan by Akira Yoshizawa, the father of modern origami.
There is much speculation as to the origin of origami. While Japan seems to have had the most extensive tradition, there is evidence of independent paperfolding traditions in China, Germany and Spain, among other places. However because paper decomposes rapidly, there is very little direct evidence of its age or origins, aside from references in published material.
The earliest evidence of paperfolding in Europe is a picture of a small paper boat in Tractatus de sphaera mundi from 1490. There is also evidence of a cut and folded paper box from 1440.[1] It is probable paperfolding in the west originated with the Moors much earlier, it is not known if it was independently discovered or knowledge of origami came along the silk route.
In Japan, the earliest unambiguous reference to a paper model is in a short poem by Ihara Saikaku in 1680 which describes paper butterflies in a dream.[2] Origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom, so paperfolding already become a significant aspect of Japanese ceremony by the Heian period (794–1185) of Japanese history, enough that the reference in this poem would be recognized. Samurai warriors would exchange gifts adorned with noshi, a sort of good luck token made of folded strips of paper.
In the early 1900s, Akira Yoshizawa, Kosho Uchiyama, and others began creating and recording original origami works. Akira Yoshizawa in particular was responsible for a number of innovations, such as wet-folding and the Yoshizawa-Randlett diagramming system, and his work inspired a renaissance of the art form.[3] During the 1980s a number of folders started systematically studying the mathematical properties of folded forms, which led to a steady incrase in the complexity of origami models, which continued well into the 1990s, after which some designers started returning to simpler forms.[4]
[edit]
Techniques and materials
[edit]
Techniques
Main article: Origami techniques
Many origami books begin with a description of basic origami techniques which are used to construct the models. These include simple diagrams of basic folds like valley and mountain folds, pleats, reverse folds, squash folds, and sinks. There are also standard named bases which are used in a wide variety of models, for instance the bird base is an intermediate stage in the construction of the flapping bird.[5]
